Ani Abaanyɛ Amu Afɔ̃ Sanekpakpai Lɛ Anɔ?

“Amrɔ nɛɛ esa akɛ abu sanekpakpai lɛ akɛ aná kɛjɛ adesãi ni mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ fo amɛtã lɛ amli.”—Burton L. Mack, ni ji Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ he nitsɔɔlɔ kpanaa ko ni eba nitsumɔ mli hejɔɔmɔ.

JEEE nilelɔ kpanaa ni atsɛ ewiemɔ yisɛɛ kɛtsɔ hiɛ nɛɛ pɛ ji mɔ ni hiɛ susumɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ. Nilelɔi babaoo ayiŋ etɛ̃ɛɛ amɛ yɛ Mateo, Marko, Luka, kɛ Yohane Sanekpakpai, ni ji Biblia mli amaniɛbɔi ni kɔɔ Yesu shihilɛ kɛ esɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ he lɛ ahe. Mɛni hewɔ mɛi komɛi susuɔ akɛ Sanekpakpai lɛ ji adesãi lɛ? Ani esa akɛ amɛsusumɔi nɛɛ aha oyiŋ afee bo kɔshikɔshi yɛ ja ni Sanekpakpai lɛ ja lɛ he? Nyɛhaa wɔpɛia odaseyelii lɛ ekomɛi amli wɔkwɛa.

Mɛi Komɛi Kɛɔ Akɛ Sanekpakpai lɛ Jeee Saji ni Abaanyɛ Amu Afɔ̃ Amɛnɔ

Yɛ wɔ-Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Beaŋ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 1600 lɛ amli lɛ, ajeee gbɛ ajeee ja ni Sanekpakpai lɛ ja lɛ he ŋwane. Shi titri lɛ, kɛjɛ afi 1800 afii lɛ amli kɛbaa lɛ, woloŋlelɔi babaoo buɔ Sanekpakpai lɛ akɛ amɛji saji ni hii komɛi fo amɛtã, shi jeee Nyɔŋmɔ ni tsirɛ mɛi nɛɛ ni amɛŋmala. Kɛfata he lɛ, amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ Sanekpakpa ŋmalɔi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ kɛ amɛhiŋmɛii na saji ni kɔɔ Yesu he ni amɛŋmala lɛ, ni amɛmaa nɔ mi doo akɛ hii ni tamɔ nɛkɛ lɛ nyɛŋ aŋmala yinɔsaji ni abaanyɛ amu afɔ̃ nɔ. Agbɛnɛ hu, amɛmu sane naa akɛ, Sanekpakpa ŋmalɔi lɛ suesuee amɛhe babaoo, ejaakɛ gbɛ ni atsɔ nɔ aŋmala klɛŋklɛŋ Sanekpakpai etɛ lɛ—ni bei komɛi lɛ atsɛɔ amɛ synoptic ni shishi ji “susumɔ kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ”—aha lɛ je amɛhe, ni kɛfata he lɛ amɛmli saji lɛ je amɛhe. Mɛi nɛɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi hu ekpɛlɛɛɛ naakpɛɛ nii ni Yesu fee lɛ kɛ eshitee lɛ nɔ, taakɛ abɔ he amaniɛ yɛ Sanekpakpai lɛ amli lɛ. Amɛteŋ mɛi komɛi hu kɛɔ po akɛ Yesu jeee mɔ ko ni ehi shi pɛŋ!

Nɛkɛ mɛi nɛɛ nɔŋŋ emu sane naa akɛ eeenyɛ efee akɛ Marko ŋma e-Sanekpakpa lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ dani mɛi ni eshwɛ lɛ ŋmala amɛnɔ̃ lɛ, akɛni etamɔ nɔ ni nɔ ko bɛ mli ni yɔɔ srɔto waa yɛ Mateo kɛ Luka anɔ̃ lɛ ahe lɛ hewɔ. Agbɛnɛ hu, amɛmuɔ sane naa akɛ Mateo kɛ Luka kwɛ Marko wolo lɛ mli ni amɛkɛŋmala amɛ-Sanekpakpai lɛ, ni akɛ amɛkwɛ wolo kroko ni nilelɔi tsɛɔ lɛ yɛ blɔfo mli akɛ Q (ni aná kɛjɛ German wiemɔ ni ji Quelle, loo “jɛɛhe” lɛ mli) lɛ mli kɛfata he. Biblia he nilelɔ A.F.J. Klijn tsɔɔ mli akɛ, susumɔ ni ehe shi waa nɛɛ “haa Sanekpakpa ŋmalɔi lɛ tsɔɔ adesãi anaabualɔi shi jeee woloŋmalɔi diɛŋtsɛ.” Susumɔ ni tamɔ nakai lɛ haa Sanekpakpa ŋmalɔi lɛ tsɔmɔɔ mɛi aniŋmai asuelɔi kɛ adesãfolɔi. Susumɔ nɛɛ haaa mɛi ana hemɔkɛyeli yɛ Biblia lɛ mli akɛ eji wolo ni ajɛ Nyɔŋmɔ mumɔ lɛ mli aŋma.—2 Timoteo 3:16.

Ani Sanekpakpa Ŋmalɔi lɛ Sue Mɛi Krokomɛi Aniŋmai?

Akɛni Sanekpakpai ni atsɛɔ amɛ synoptic lɛ je amɛhe hewɔ lɛ, ani no tsɔɔ akɛ amɛŋmalalɔi lɛ suesuee amɛhe? Dabi. Mɛni hewɔ? Nɔ kome ji akɛ, Yesu wo ekaselɔi lɛ ashi akɛ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ‘baakai amɛ nibii fɛɛ ni ekɛɛ amɛ lɛ.’ (Yohane 14:26) No hewɔ lɛ, ebɛ naakpɛɛ mɔ akɛ Sanekpakpa ŋmalɔi lɛ kai nibii kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ ni amɛŋmala amɛshwie shi. Eji anɔkwale akɛ, ekolɛ Biblia ŋmalɔi lɛ ekomɛi kane Biblia ŋmalɔi krokomɛi aniŋmai ni amɛkwɛ mli moŋ, shi nakai feemɔ etsɔɔɔ akɛ amɛsue mɛi nɛɛ aniŋmai lɛ, shi moŋ etsɔɔ akɛ amɛpɛi nibii amli jogbaŋŋ. (2 Petro 3:15) Kɛfata he lɛ, The Anchor Bible Dictionary lɛ kɛɛ akɛ: “Akɛni nakai beaŋ lɛ akɛ naabu jajeɔ blema saji atsɔɔ mɛi krokomɛi hewɔ lɛ, ewaaa akɛ aŋmala Yesu wiemɔi ni  sa kadimɔ waa lɛ ashwie shi yɛ gbɛ̀i ni je amɛhe nɔ.”

Luka ŋma akɛ ekɛ mɛi ní kɛ amɛhiŋmɛii na nɔ ni tee nɔ lɛ ateŋ mɛi babaoo gba sane, ni ‘etao nibii fɛɛ naa fitsofitso kɛjɛ shishijee.’ (Luka 1:1-4) Ani enɛ tsɔɔ akɛ esue mɛi krokomɛi aniŋmai loo eji adesãfolɔ? Dabi kwraa! Beni blema nibii ahe nilelɔ William Ramsay pɛi Luka niŋmai lɛ amli fitsofitso egbe naa lɛ, emu sane naa akɛ: “Luka ji yinɔsaneŋmalɔ kpanaa diɛŋtsɛ: jeee akɛ abaanyɛ amu afɔ̃ anɔkwa saji ni eŋmala lɛ anɔ kɛkɛ, shi ele bɔ ni esa akɛ aŋma yinɔsane aha hu . . . Esa akɛ abu lɛ ashi yinɔsaneŋmalɔi kpanakpanaa lɛ anɔ.”

Odaseyeli ni mra be mli Kristojamɔŋ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ahe niŋmalɔi, ni Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔ Origen ni hi shi yɛ afi 200 afii lɛ amli lɛ fata he lɛ kɛha lɛ hu tsɔɔ akɛ, bɔfo Mateo ji mɔ klɛŋklɛŋ ni ŋma Sanekpakpai lɛ ateŋ ekome. Origen ŋma akɛ: “Mɔ ni ŋma klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ̃ lɛ ji Mateo ni be ko ni eho lɛ eji toohelɔ, ni sɛɛ mli lɛ ebatsɔ Yesu Kristo bɔfoi lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome lɛ, ni eŋma enɛ klɛŋklɛŋ yɛ Hebri wiemɔ mli eha Yudafoi ni ebatsɔmɔ Kristofoi lɛ.” Eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ ehe ehiaaa ni Mateo ni ji bɔfo kɛ mɔ ni kɛ ehiŋmɛi na nibii ni tee nɔ lɛ asue Marko ni jeee mɛi ni kɛ amɛhiŋmɛi na nibii ni tee nɔ lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome lɛ niŋmai lɛ. Belɛ, mɛni hu wɔbaanyɛ wɔkɛɛ yɛ kɛɛmɔ ni mɛi kɛɔ akɛ Mateo kɛ Luka sue Marko niŋmai lɛ kɛ wolo ko ni aka yiŋ asusu akɛ no mli lɛ eyɛ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Q lɛ hu ahe?

Ani Aŋma Marko Sanekpakpa lɛ Klɛŋklɛŋ?

The Anchor Bible Dictionary lɛ kɛɛ akɛ, susumɔ ni ahiɛ akɛ aŋma Marko Sanekpakpa lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ, ni no nɔ akwɛ kɛŋmala Mateo kɛ Luka anɔ̃ lɛ  damɔɔɔ “sanemlitsɔɔmɔ ni ja” nɔ. Kɛlɛ, woloŋlelɔi babaoo susuɔ akɛ Marko ŋma e-Sanekpakpa lɛ dani Mateo kɛ Luka ŋmala amɛnɔ̃ lɛ, ejaakɛ amɛkɛɔ akɛ anaaa nɔ ko srɔto yɛ Marko nɔ̃ lɛ mli ni bɛ Sanekpakpai krokomɛi lɛ amli. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, afi 1800 afii lɛ amli Biblia he nilelɔ Johannes Kuhn ma nɔ mi doo akɛ Marko ŋma e-Sanekpakpa lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ. Kuhn kɛɛ akɛ, kɛ́ jeee nakai lɛ “esa akɛ aŋɔ lɛ akɛ Marko folɔ Mateo kɛ Luka wolokpoi lɛ amli bibiibii, ni ekɛ enɛɛmɛi futu yɛ kukwɛi mli, ni nɔ ni ena kɛjɛ futumɔ nɛɛ mli ji e-Sanekpakpa lɛ.”

Akɛni Marko Sanekpakpa lɛ ji nɔ ni sɛɛ kɛɛɛ fe fɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, ebɛ naakpɛɛ mɔ akɛ saji ni yɔɔ srɔto yɛ ekrokomɛi lɛ ahe lɛ fioo pɛ yɔɔ mli. Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, enɛ etsɔɔɔ akɛ aŋma Marko Sanekpakpa lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ. Kɛfata he lɛ, ejeee anɔkwale akɛ saji ni yɔɔ srɔto yɛ Mateo kɛ Luka Sanekpakpai lɛ ahe lɛ bɛ Marko nɔ̃ lɛ mli. Yɛ Yesu sɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ he amaniɛbɔɔ ni kanyaa mɔ ni yɔɔ Marko wolo lɛ mli lɛ, anaa saji ni mɔɔ mɔ tsui ni fa fe 180 yɛ Marko wolo lɛ mli ni bɛ Mateo kɛ Luka anɔ̃ lɛ mli, ni enɛ haa Marko wolo lɛ feɔ Yesu shihilɛ he amaniɛbɔɔ ni yɔɔ srɔto lɛɛlɛŋ.—Kwɛmɔ akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 29 lɛ mli.

Ni Wolo ni Atsɛɔ lɛ Q lɛ Hu?

Mɛni abaanyɛ akɛɛ yɛ wolo ni atsɛɔ lɛ Q, ni mɛi komɛi kɛɔ akɛ Mateo kɛ Luka kwɛ nɔ kɛŋmala amɛnɔ̃ lɛ he? Jamɔ he nilelɔ kpanaa James M. Robinson kɛɛ akɛ: “Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ wolo ni atsɛɔ lɛ Q lɛ ji Kristofoi awolo ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ ni wɔyɔɔ.” Sane nɛɛ haa mɔ naa kpɛɔ ehe, ejaakɛ wolo ni atsɛɔ lɛ Q lɛ bɛ ŋmɛnɛ, ni yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ mɔ ko nyɛŋ ekɛ odaseyeli ni tsɔɔ akɛ akɛ wolo ni tamɔ nɛkɛ etsu nii pɛŋ aha! Nɔ ni haa mɔ naa kpɛɔ ehe fe fɛɛ ji laajemɔ ni wolo nɛɛ elaaje kwraa yɛ shihilɛ mli lɛ, ejaakɛ woloŋlelɔi kɛɔ akɛ no mli lɛ mɛi babaoo yɛ wolo nɛɛ eko. Kɛfata he lɛ, mra be mli Kristojamɔŋ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ahe niŋmalɔi lɛ tsɛɛɛ saji ayisɛɛ kɛjɛɛɛ wolo ni atsɛɔ lɛ Q lɛ mli kwraa.

Susumɔ enɛ he okwɛ. Asusuɔ akɛ no mli lɛ wolo ni atsɛɔ lɛ Q lɛ yɛ, ni saji ni yɔɔ mli lɛ fiɔ susumɔ ni ahiɛ akɛ aŋma Marko Sanekpakpa lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ sɛɛ. Ani enɛ jeee susumɔ ni aka yiŋ aná ni ajɛ no mli aka yiŋ kɛná susumɔ kroko? Yɛ susumɔi ni tamɔ enɛɛmɛi ahe lɛ, nilee yɛ mli akɛ wɔɔha abɛ nɛɛ ahi wɔjwɛŋmɔ mli akɛ: “Mɔ ni jwɛŋmɔ mli kwɔɔɔ heɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ eyeɔ; shi hiɛtɛlɔ leɔ enanenaa kwɛmɔ.”—Abɛi 14:15, Ga Biblia Hee.

Sanekpakpai Lɛ—Amɛja ni Anyɛɔ Amuɔ Afɔ̃ɔ Amɛnɔ

Akɛni woloŋlelɔi ni wieɔ shiɔ Biblia lɛ kaa amɛyiŋ amɛwieɔ, ni amɛhiɛ susumɔi ni damɔɔɔ anɔkwa saji anɔ hewɔ lɛ, eha mɛi babaoo epɛiii Sanekpakpai lɛ amli amaniɛbɔi ni anyɛɔ amuɔ afɔ̃ɔ nɔ ni kɔɔ Yesu shihilɛ kɛ esɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ ahe lɛ amli. Shi Sanekpakpai lɛ amli amaniɛbɔi lɛ haa anaa faŋŋ akɛ mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ ebuuu Yesu shihilɛ, esɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ, egbele, kɛ eshitee lɛ akɛ amɛji adesãi. Mɛi ni kɛ amɛhiŋmɛi na nibii ni tee nɔ lɛ ateŋ mɛi ohai abɔ ema nɔ mi akɛ saji nɛɛ ji anɔkwale. Mra be mli Kristofoi nɛɛ ni ná he miishɛɛ akɛ amɛaadamɔ yiwaa kɛ gbele naa, koni amɛnyiɛ Yesu sɛɛ lɛ nu shishi jogbaŋŋ akɛ kɛ́ Yesu sɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ kɛ eshitee lɛ ji adesãi ni atãa kɛkɛ lɛ, kulɛ jwɛŋmɔ bɛ mli akɛ mɔ aaatsɔ Kristofonyo.—1 Korintobii 15:3-8, 17, 19; 2 Timoteo 2:2.

Beni jamɔ he nilelɔ George W. Buchanan wieɔ susumɔ ni ahiɛ akɛ aŋma Marko Sanekpakpa lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ, ni akɛ no mli lɛ wolo ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Q yɛ shi anako lɛ he naataamɔ lɛ he lɛ, ekɛɛ akɛ: ‘Akɛni akɛ jwɛŋmɔ ema susumɔi ni kɔɔ bɔ ni fee ni aŋmala Sanekpakpai lɛ anɔ babaoo hewɔ lɛ, eha Biblia kaselɔi ekaseee Sanekpakpai lɛ amɛhaaa amɛhe.’ Nilelɔ nɛɛ susumɔ lɛ kɛ ŋaawoo ni bɔfo Paulo kɛha Timoteo lɛ kpãa gbee, ekɛɛ Timoteo koni ‘ekadi adesãi kɛ weku shishitsɔɔmɔ tsralaa lɛ sɛɛ, ejaakɛ enɛɛmɛi kɛ ŋwanejee baa fe Nyɔŋmɔ tsumaa ní yɔɔ hemɔkɛyeli mli lɛ.’—1 Timoteo 1:4.

Abaanyɛ amu afɔ̃ Sanekpakpai lɛ anɔ. Amaniɛbɔi ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ja, ejaakɛ mɛi ni kɛ amɛhiŋmɛii na nɔ ni tee nɔ lɛ ji mɛi ni kɛha. Mɛi ni ŋmala lɛ pɛi nibii amli fitsofitso dani amɛŋmala. Amɛgbaa wɔ Yesu Kristo shihilɛ he saji babaoo ni mɔɔ mɔ tsui. No hewɔ lɛ, taakɛ eji yɛ Timoteo ni hi shi yɛ blema lɛ gbɛfaŋ lɛ, ehi jogbaŋŋ akɛ wɔɔbo Paulo wiemɔi nɛɛ atoi: “Hii shi yɛ nii ni okase ni oyɔɔ hewalɛ yɛ nɔ lɛ amli.” Wɔyɛ nɔdaamɔ nɔ ni ja jogbaŋŋ ni wɔkɛaakpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ, “Ŋmalɛ fɛɛ ŋmalɛ” ni Sanekpakpai ejwɛ lɛ fata he lɛ “jɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Mumɔ lɛŋ.”—2 Timoteo 3:14-17.—w08 10/01-E.

[[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 29]

Kɛ́ Jeee Marko Wolo lɛ Hewɔ Kulɛ, Wɔleŋ akɛ . . . 

Yesu kwɛ amɛhiɛaŋ kɛkpe kɛ mlifu, ejaakɛ edɔ lɛ akɛ amɛtsui wa nɛkɛ (Marko 3:5)

awo Yohane kɛ Yakobo gbɛi akɛ Boanerges (Marko 3:17)

yoo ko ni ye láhoo hela lɛ fite edɛŋ nii fɛɛ (Marko 5:26)

Herodia bɛ Yohane Baptisilɔ lɛ ewo emli, ni Herode miishe Yohane gbeyei, ni eto lɛ shweshweeshwe (Marko 6:19, 20)

Yesu fɔ̃ ekaselɔi lɛ anine koni amɛyajɔɔ amɛhe fioo (Marko 6:31)

Yesu loo gbekɛbii lɛ atuu (Marko 10:16)

Yesu sumɔ oblanyo ko ni ji maŋ onukpa lɛ (Marko 10:21)

Petro, Yakobo, Yohane, kɛ Andrea bi Yesu sane yɛ afã nigii (Marko 13:3)

oblanyo ko shi eklala (Marko 14:51, 52)

Kɛfata he lɛ, anaa Yesu abɛbuai lɛ ateŋ ekome kɛ enaakpɛɛ nii lɛ ateŋ enyɔ yɛ Marko wolo lɛ pɛ mli.—Marko 4:26-29; 7:32-37; 8:22-26.

Agbɛnɛ hu, saji krokomɛi babaoo yɛ Marko Sanekpakpa lɛ mli ni eko bɛ Sanekpakpai krokomɛi lɛ amli. Kɛ́ wɔhe be kɛjwɛŋ sɛɛnamɔi ni yɔɔ saji ni sa kadimɔ nɛɛ ahe lɛ anɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ, ebaaha hiɛsɔɔ ni wɔyɔɔ kɛha Marko Sanekpakpa lɛ afa babaoo.