Titanic Inali “Sitima Yapamadzi Yotchuka Kwambiri”

 PA APRIL 10, 1912: Sitima ya Titanic inanyamuka kuchoka mumzinda wa Southampton ku England, kupita ku New York m’dziko la America.

 PA APRIL 11: Sitimayi inaima mumzinda wa Cherbourg ku France komanso m’tawuni ya Queenstown (yomwe masiku ano imadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Cobh) m’dziko la Ireland kuti itenge anthu. Kenako inayamba ulendo wodutsa m’nyanja ya Atlantic.

 PA APRIL 14: Nthawi itatsala pang’ono kukwana 11:40 usiku, Titanic inawomba chimwala cha madzi oundana.

PA APRIL 15: Nthawi itakwana 2:20 m’bandakucha, sitima ya Titanic inamira ndipo anthu oposa 1,500 anafa.

KODI sitima ya Titanic inali yotani? Kodi chinachititsa n’chiyani kuti sitimayi imire? Tinapeza mayankho a mafunso amenewa titapita kumalo osungira zinthu zakale otchedwa Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, omwe ali pafupi ndi mzinda wa Belfast, m’dziko la Northern Ireland.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Anapanga Sitima ya Titanic?

Munthu wina yemwe poyamba anali mkulu woyang’anira malo osungira zinthu zakale a Folk and Transport Museum, dzina lake Michael McCaughan, ananena kuti Titanic inali “sitima yapamadzi yotchuka kwambiri.” Komabe sikuti Titanic inali sitima yokhayo imene inali yaikulu. Zili choncho chifukwa sitimayi inali yachiwiri pa sitima zitatu zikuluzikulu zimene zinapangidwa mumzinda wa Belfast ndi kampani ya Harland and Wolff. * Titanic inali yaikulu mamita 269 m’litali ndiponso mamita 28 m’lifupi.

Kampani ya sitima zapamadzi yotchedwa White Star Line inakonza zoti sitima zikuluzikulu za kampaniyi ziziyenda kwambiri m’madera a kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Atlantic chifukwa ndi kumene kampaniyo inkapeza phindu lalikulu. Koma kampaniyi inalibe sitima zothamanga kwambiri moti sikanatha kupikisana ndi kampani ina ya sitima zapamadzi yotchedwa Cunard Line, yomwe inali ndi sitima zothamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kampani ya White Star Line inaganiza zopanga sitima zikuluzikulu, zopangidwa mwamakono, kuti zizikopa chidwi anthu olemera komanso otchuka.

Koma panali chifukwa china chimene anapangiranso sitima ya Titanic. Mkulu wa pamalo osungira zinthu zakale a National Museums ku Northern Ireland, dzina lake William Blair, ananena kuti: “Kuyambira m’chaka cha 1900 mpaka mu 1914, anthu pafupifupi 900,000 a m’mayiko ena ankalowa m’dziko la United States chaka chilichonse.” Zimenezi zinkachititsa kuti makampani a sitima zapamadzi azipeza ndalama zambiri. Choncho sitima ya Titanic inapangidwa kuti izitenga anthu amenewa kuchokera ku Europe kupita nawo ku United States.

Inachita Ngozi Yoopsa

Munthu yemwe ankayendetsa sitima ya Titanic pa nthawiyi, dzina lake E.  J. Smith, ankadziwa bwino kuopsa kwa madzi oundana omwe ankapezeka kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Iye anali atayendetsapo sitima ya Olympic m’madera amenewa. Sitimayi itanyamuka, oyendetsa sitima zina anatumiza mauthenga ochenjeza woyendetsa sitima ya Titanic za madzi oundana amene anali kutsogolo koma n’kutheka kuti anangonyalanyaza kapena mauthengawo sanafike.

Kenako mwadzidzidzi anthu ena ogwira ntchito m’sitimayo, anauza woyendetsa kuti aona chimwala cha madzi oundana. Koma iye anakanika kuimitsa sitimayo chifukwa inali itayandikira kale chimwala cha madzi oundanacho. Ngakhale kuti woyendetsayo anakwanitsa kukhotetsa sitimayo kuti isawombane ndi chimwalacho, analephera kuchipeweratu moti sitimayo inakhula chimwalacho m’mphepete. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti sitimayo ing’aluke. Kenako madzi anayamba kulowa m’zipinda zambiri za sitimayo. Zimenezi zitachitika, Smith anadziwa kuti sitimayo imira basi. Choncho, nthawi yomweyo anatumiza uthenga wopempha thandizo ndipo analamula kuti anthu ayambe kukwera timaboti topulumutsa anthu pangozi tomwe tinali m’sitimayo.

M’sitima ya Titanic munali timaboti topulumutsa anthu tokwana 16 ndipo munalinso maboti ena opopa okwana anayi. Maboti onsewa anali oti akanatha kutenga anthu pafupifupi 1,170. Koma vuto linali lakuti sitimayo inali ndi anthu ambiri, okwana 2,200. Vuto linanso linali lakuti ngoziyi itachitika maboti ambiri ananyamuka asanadzaze ndipo ambiri mwa mabotiwa sanayese n’komwe kufunafuna anthu ena amene anadumphira m’madzi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi anthu 705 okha ndi amene anapulumuka.

Zimene Zinachitika Pambuyo Pake

Ngozi ya Titanic itachitika, akuluakulu oona za maulendo a pamadzi anakhazikitsa malamulo othandiza kuti ngozi zoterezi zisamachitikechitike. Limodzi mwa malamulowa linali loti sitima iliyonse izikhala ndi maboti okwanira omwe angathandize kuti munthu aliyense amene ali m’sitimayo apulumuke ngati patachitika ngozi.

Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu ankakhulupirira kuti sitima ya Titanic inamira mofulumira chifukwa chakuti itawomba madzi oundana aja, pamalo pamene inawombapo panakhala chibowo chachikulu. Koma m’chaka cha 1985, akatswiri anapeza Titanic pansi pa nyanja ndipo atafufuza bwinobwino anaona kuti mfundo imeneyi si yoona. Iwo anati sitimayi inamira chifukwa chakuti itagunda chimwala cha madzi oundana aja, madziwo anachititsa kuti zitsulo za sitimayo ziume kwambiri n’kuyamba kuthetheka. Ndipo pasanathe maola atatu sitimayo inaduka pakati n’kumira. Ngozi imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa ngozi zoopsa kwambiri zapamadzi zimene zachitikapo. *

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mapu patsamba 14]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Southampton

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Cherbourg

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Queenstown (Cobh)

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Malo amene Titanic inawomba chimwala cha madzi oundana

New York

ATLANTIC OCEAN

[Chithunzi pamasamba 12, 13]

Sitima ya “Titanic” ikupangidwa

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Zitsulo zothandizira sitima ya “Titanic” kuyenda

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Anthu ogwira ntchito akuchoka pamalo opangira sitima a kampani ya Harland and Wolff mumzinda wa Belfast ku Ireland

[Chithunzi patsamba 14]

E. J. Smith, woyendetsa sitima ya “Titanic” (kumanja) ali ndi mkulu wa woyang’anira okwera sitima, dzina lake Herbert McElroy

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Courtesy CSU Archive/age fotostock

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 12]

Pages 12 and 13: Leaving Southampton, under construction, and shipyard: © National Museums Northern Ireland; propellers: © The Bridgeman Art Library

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 15]

© SZ Photo/Knorr & Hirth/Bridgeman Art Library