”Imisozi uzacukuramo imiringa”
Hari itsinda rikora ubushakashatsi ku byataburuwe mu matongo ryagiye gukora ubushakashatsi mu mikoki no mu buvumo bwo mu butayu bwa Yudaya. Abari barigize bagiye kubona babona bageze ku buvumo bwari ahantu hahanamye cyane. Ese hari ikintu cy’agaciro bari buhabone, wenda nk’ibintu bishishikaje bya kera cyangwa inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zimeze nk’imizingo yavumbuwe mu Nyanja y’Umunyu? Batunguwe no kuvumbura ibintu by’agaciro kenshi bikozwe mu muringa (byaje kwitwa Nahal Mishmar).
IBYO bintu by’agaciro byari bihishwe bizingiye mu musambi, byavumbuwe muri Werurwe 1961. Byari ibikoresho birenga 400, kandi ibyinshi muri byo byari bicuzwe mu muringa. Muri byo harimo amakamba y’abami atandukanye, inkoni za cyami, ibikoresho, ibintu by’imirimbo n’intwaro. Ibyo bintu byavumbuwe bishishikaza cyane abasomyi ba Bibiliya, kuko bibibutsa amagambo yo mu Ntangiriro 4:22, avuga ibya Tubali-Kayini wari ‘umucuzi w’ibikoresho by’ubwoko bwose bikozwe mu muringa n’icyuma.’
Icyakora hari ibibazo byinshi abantu bibaza ku birebana n’aho ibyo bintu by’agaciro byaturutse, n’ibyakorerwaga aho hantu. Ibyo bintu byavumbuwe bigaragaza uko kera bacukuraga umuringa mu bihugu bivugwa muri Bibiliya, uko bawushongeshaga n’uko bawutunganyaga.
IBIROMBE BACUKURAGAMO UMURINGA MU GIHUGU CY’ISEZERANO
Igihe Abisirayeli bari hafi kwinjira mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano, Mose yarababwiye ati mu ‘misozi [yo muri icyo gihugu] uzacukuramo umuringa’ (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 8:7-9). Abashakashatsi mu byataburuwe mu matongo bavumbuye muri Isirayeli no mu duce twa Yorodani, ahantu henshi hacukurwaga amabuye y’agaciro n’aho yashongesherezwaga, urugero nk’ahitwa Timuna, Feyinani na Kiribati eni-nahashi. Aho hantu hakorerwaga iki?
Mu gace ka Feyinani n’aka Timuna huzuyemo imyobo migufi, abacukuzi b’umuringa bakuragamo amabuye mu gihe cy’imyaka isaga 2.000. Muri iki gihe, umuntu aramutse asuye aho hantu yahabona udusigazwa tw’umuringa dufite utubara tw’icyatsi tunyanyagiye hirya no hino. Iyo abantu ba kera babaga bacukura umuringa, bagendaga baharatura ibitare bakoresheje ibyuma byabigenewe. Iyo umuringa wabaga umaze gushira hejuru, barakomezaga bagacukura bajya hasi, bakoresheje ibikoresho bikozwe mu cyuma ari na ko bagenda batazura, bagakora imihora miremire mu kuzimu. Mu gitabo cyo muri Bibiliya cya Yobu, havugwamo uburyo bwakoreshwaga mu gucukura amabuye y’agaciro (Yobu 28:2-11). Ako kazi kasabaga imbaraga nyinshi cyane, ku buryo hagati y’ikinyejana cya gatatu n’icya gatanu, abategetsi b’Abaroma bahanishaga imfungwa gukora mu birombe by’umuringa bya Feyinani.
Mu gace ka Kiribati eni-nahashi (bisobanura ngo “Amatongo y’umuringa”), hari ibirundo binini by’inkamba. Ibyo bigaragaza ko hakorerwaga imirimo ikomeye yo gushongesha umuringa. Intiti zemeza ko umuringa bashongeshaga wabaga wavanywe mu birombe byo hafi aho, urugero nk’iby’i Feyinani n’i Timuna. Kugira ngo batandukanye umuringa n’inkamba, bakoreshaga imivuba bavugutisha amaguru kugira ngo umuriro w’amakara ugere ku rugero rwa dogere zigera ku 1.200 mu gihe cy’amasaha ari hagati y’umunani n’icumi. Ubusanzwe iyo ushongesheje ibiro 5 by’amabuye avamo umuringa, uvanamo ikiro cy’umuringa, ushobora gucurwamo ibintu bitandukanye.
UMURINGA MURI ISIRAYELI YA KERA
Ku musozi wa Sinayi, Yehova Imana yahatangiye amabwiriza avuga ko iryo buye ry’agaciro ryiza cyane ari ryo ryagombaga gukoreshwa mu kubaka ihema ry’ibonaniro n’urusengero rwaje kubakwa nyuma yaho i Yerusalemu (Kuva, igice cya 27). Abisirayeli bashobora kuba bari bazi gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro mbere yo kujya muri Egiputa, cyangwa se bakaba barabimenye bagezeyo. Igihe bavaga muri Egiputa, bacuze inyana ya zahabu. Nanone bacuze ibikoresho byinshi byo mu ihema ry’ibonaniro mu muringa. Muri byo harimo igikarabiro, inkono, amapanu, ibitiyo n’amakanya.—Kuva 32:4.
Nyuma yaho mu rugendo Abisirayeli bakoze mu butayu, wenda bageze mu gace gakize ku muringa hafi y’i Punoni (hashobora kuba ari muri Feyinani y’iki gihe), bitotombeye ko batari bafite manu n’amazi yo kunywa. Yehova yabateje inzoka z’ubumara kandi haguye abaturage benshi. Bamaze kwihana, Mose yinginze Yehova amusaba gucura inzoka mu muringa, maze akayimanika ku giti. Iyo nkuru igira iti “iyo umuntu yaribwaga n’inzoka maze akareba iyo nzoka y’umuringa, ntiyapfaga.”—Kubara 21:4-10; 33:43.
UMURINGA MU GIHE CY’UMWAMI SALOMO
Ibice byinshi by’urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu byari bikozwe mu muringa
Umwami Salomo yakoresheje umuringa mwinshi cyane igihe hacurwaga ibikoresho byo mu rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu. Umwinshi muri uwo muringa wari waratanzwe na se Dawidi, awunyaze muri Siriya igihe yagabagayo ibitero (1 Ibyo ku Ngoma 18:6-8). “Ikigega cy’amazi” cyari gicuzwe mu muringa abatambyi bogeragamo, cyashoboraga kujyamo litiro 66.000 kandi gishobora kuba cyarapimaga toni 30 (1 Abami 7:23-26, 44-46). Hanyuma hari inkingi nini zicuzwe mu muringa zari zishinze mu muryango w’urusengero. Zari ziteye nk’impombo zifite umubyimba wa santimetero 7,5, umurambararo wa metero 1,7 n’uburebure bwa metero 8. Hejuru yazo hari imitwe ifite metero 2,2 z’ubuhagarike (1 Abami 7:15, 16; 2 Ibyo ku Ngoma 4:17). Iyo utekereje ubwinshi bw’umuringa wakoreshejwe mu gucura izo nkingi zonyine, wumva wumiwe.
Nanone abantu bo mu bihe bya Bibiliya bakundaga gukoresha umuringa mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi. Urugero, havugwamo intwaro, imihama, ibikoresho by’umuzika n’inzugi bicuzwe mu muringa (1 Samweli 17:5, 6; 2 Abami 25:7; 1 Ibyo ku Ngoma 15:19; Zaburi 107:16). Yesu yavuze iby’amafaranga y’“umuringa” yo gushyira mu dufuka, n’intumwa Pawulo avuga ibya “Alegizanderi, umucuzi w’imiringa.”—Matayo 10:9; 2 Timoteyo 4:14.
Hari ibibazo byinshi abashakashatsi mu byataburuwe mu matongo n’abahanga mu mateka bacyibaza ku birebana n’ahantu imiringa myinshi yo mu gihe cya Bibiliya yavaga, hamwe n’inkomoko y’ubutunzi bw’imiringa bwiswe Nahal Mishmar. Uko biri kose, hari ukuri kudashidikanywaho kwemezwa n’inkuru zo muri Bibiliya. Ivuga ko igihugu Abisirayeli bahawe, cyari ‘igihugu kirimo imisozi [bari] kuzacukuramo umuringa.’—Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 8:7-9.
