UMUGEREKA
Impamvu Abakristo b’ukuri badakoresha umusaraba mu gusenga
ABANTU babarirwa muri za miriyoni bakunda umusaraba cyane kandi barawubaha. Hari igitabo kivuga ko umusaraba ari “ikimenyetso cy’ibanze kiranga amadini ya gikristo” (The Encyclopædia Britannica). Ariko rero, Abakristo b’ukuri bo ntibakoresha umusaraba mu gusenga. Kubera iki?
Impamvu y’ibanze ni uko Yesu Kristo atapfiriye ku musaraba. Ijambo ry’ikigiriki rikunze guhindurwamo “umusaraba” ni stau·rosʹ. Risobanura mbere na mbere “igiti gihagaze cyangwa se ingiga y’igiti.” Hari Bibiliya ivuga ko ‘ijambo [Stau·rosʹ] ritajya na rimwe rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku biti bibiri, kimwe gihagaze n’ikindi kigitambitseho . . . Ndetse nta n’ijambo riri mu kigiriki cyo mu [Isezerano Rishya] ryumvikanisha ibiti bibiri.”—The Companion Bible.
Ibyakozwe 5:30; 10:39; 13:29; Abagalatiya 3:13; 1 Petero 2:24). Iryo jambo risobanura “ingiga y’igiti” cyangwa “inkoni, inshyimbo, cyangwa igiti.”
Mu mirongo imwe n’imwe yo muri Bibiliya, hari abanditsi bakoresheje irindi jambo ry’ikigiriki (xyʹlon) bashaka kuvuga ikintu Yesu yiciweho (Hari igitabo cyanditswe n’uwitwa Hermann Fulda cyasobanuye impamvu igiti gisanzwe ari cyo bakundaga kwiciraho abantu, kigira kiti “ahantu hose bari barateganyije kwicira abantu ntihabaga hari ibiti. Bityo bafataga igiti iki gisanzwe bakagishinga mu butaka. Hanyuma bakakimanikaho abagizi ba nabi, akenshi amaboko bakayazirika cyangwa bakayateraho imisumari hejuru ku giti, n’amaguru bikaba uko.”—Das Kreuz und die Kreuzigung.
Ariko ikimenyetso cyemeza kuruta ibindi byose tugisanga mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Intumwa Pawulo yaravuze ati “Kristo yaraducunguye adukiza umuvumo w’Amategeko ubwo yabaga ikivume mu cyimbo cyacu, kuko byanditswe ngo ‘havumwe umuntu wese umanitswe ku giti’” (Abagalatiya 3:13). Aho ngaho, Pawulo yasubiyemo amagambo yo mu Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 21:22, 23 yumvikana neza ko aterekeza ku musaraba ahubwo ko yerekeza ku giti. Kubera rero ko kwicira umuntu ku giti byatumaga aba “ikivume,” ntibikwiriye ko Abakristo batakisha amazu yabo amashusho ya Kristo amanitse ku musaraba.
Nta kintu na kimwe kigaragaza ko Abakristo babayeho mu myaka 300 yakurikiye urupfu rwa Kristo bakoreshaga umusaraba mu gusenga. Icyakora mu kinyejana cya kane, umwami w’abami w’umupagani witwaga Konsitantino yabaye umuyoboke w’idini ry’Abakristo b’abahakanyi maze agira umusaraba ikimenyetso kiranga iryo dini. Icyaba cyaratumye Konsitantino abikora cyose ariko, umusaraba nta ho wari uhuriye na Yesu Kristo. Mu by’ukuri, umusaraba ufite inkomoko ya gipagani. Hari igitabo cyavuze ko “umusaraba wakoreshwaga mbere y’Ubukristo kandi ugakoreshwa no mu migenzo itari iya gikristo” (New Catholic Encyclopedia). Hari n’ibindi bitabo byinshi byagaragaje ko umusaraba wakoreshwaga mu gusenga ibintu kamere no mu mihango ya gipagani ifitanye isano n’iby’ibitsina.
None se kuki bakoresheje icyo kimenyetso cy’abapagani? Uko bigaragara, bashakaga ko abapagani bemera idini ry’Abakristo b’abahakanyi bataruhanyije. Ariko rero, Bibiliya iciraho iteka ibikorwa byo gusenga ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose gifite inkomoko ya gipagani (2 Abakorinto 6:14-18). Nanone, Ibyanditswe bibuzanya gusenga ibigirwamana mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose (Kuva 20:4, 5; 1 Abakorinto 10:14). Ni yo mpamvu Abakristo b’ukuri badakoresha umusaraba mu gusenga. *
^ par. 5 Niba ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye ku bihereranye n’umusaraba, reba igitabo gifasha abantu gutekereza ku Byanditswe (Comment raisonner à partir des Écritures, ku ipaji ya 77-81), cyanditswe n’Abahamya ba Yehova.