Unoziva Shafani Nemhuri Yake Here?

PAUNOVERENGA Bhaibheri rako, wati wambocherechedza ndima dzinotaura nezvaShafani nedzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yake dzaiva nesimba here? Vaiva vanaani? Vakaitei? Zvidzidzo zvipi zvatingadzidza kwavari?

Bhaibheri rinotizivisa nezva“Shafani mwanakomana waAzaria, mwanakomana waMeshurami” panyaya ine chokuita nokudzorerwa kwakaitwa kunamata kwechokwadi naJosiya munenge muna 642 B.C.E. (2 Madzimambo 22:3) Mumakore 36 akatevera, kusvikira pakaparadzwa Jerusarema muna 607 B.C.E., tinoziviswa nezvevanakomana vake vana, Ahikami, Erasa, Gemaria, naJaazania, uye vazukuru vake vaviri, Mikaya naGedharia. (Ona chati.) “Mhuri yaShafani ndiyo yaiva nevanhu vakawanda muboka revatungamiriri [muumambo hweJudha] uye ndiyo yaiva nechinzvimbo chomunyori wamambo kubvira panguva yaJosiya kusvikira panguva yokuitwa Nhapwa,” inotsanangura kudaro Encyclopaedia Judaica. Kuongorora zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri nezvaShafani nemhuri yake kuchatibatsira kunzwisisa kuti vakatsigira sei muprofita Jeremia uye kunamatwa kwaJehovha kwechokwadi.

Shafani Anotsigira Kunamata Kwechokwadi

Muna 642 B.C.E., Mambo Josiya paakanga ane makore anenge 25, tinoona Shafani achishanda somunyori uye mukopi wamambo. (Jeremia 36:10) Izvozvo zvaisanganisira chii? Bhuku rambotaurwa pamusoro rinotaura kuti munyori wamambo aiva mupi wemazano wepedyo kuna mambo, mutarisiri wenhau dzemari, nyanzvi yokutaura kune ungwaru, uye munhu ane ruzivo munyaya dzinoitika kunze kwenyika, mumutemo wenyika dzakawanda, uye muzvibvumirano zvokutengeserana. Saka, somunyori wamambo, Shafani aiva mumwe wevarume vaiva nesimba zvikuru muumambo hwacho.

Makore gumi akanga apfuura, Josiya muduku akanga “atanga kutsvaka Mwari waDhavhidhi baba vake.” Zviri pachena kuti Shafani akanga ari mukuru zvikuru kuna Josiya saka aigona kuva mupi wake wemazano akanaka mune zvokunamata uye mutsigiri webasa rokutanga raJosiya rokudzorera kunamata kwechokwadi. *—2 Makoronike 34:1-8.

Paiitwa basa rokugadzirisa temberi, “bhuku yomurayiro” yakawanikwa, uye Shafani ‘akaiverenga pamberi pamambo.’ Josiya akashamiswa kunzwa zvaivamo ndokutuma nhume dzevarume vaivimbwa navo kuna Hurdha muprofitakadzi kuti vanobvunza Jehovha maererano nebhuku yacho. Mambo akaratidza kuvimba naShafani nomwanakomana wake Ahikami nokuita kuti vave vamwe veavo vakatumwa.—2 Madzimambo 22:8-14; 2 Makoronike 34:14-22.

Apa ndipo chete apo Magwaro anotaura zvakaitwa naShafani pachake. Mune dzimwe ndima dzeBhaibheri, anongotaurwa sababa kana kuti sekuru. Vana vaShafani vakasvika pakuva pedyo zvikuru nomuprofita Jeremia.

Ahikami naGedharia

Sezvatatoona, mwanakomana waShafani Ahikami  anotanga kutaurwa nezvake panyaya ine chokuita nenhume dzakatumwa kumuprofitakadzi Hurdha. Rimwe bhuku rinoti: “Kunyange zvazvo zita rechinzvimbo chaAhikami risingataurwi muBhaibheri rechiHebheru, zviri pachena kuti aiva nechinzvimbo chepamusoro.”

Makore 15 izvozvo zvaitika, upenyu hwaJeremia hwakava pangozi. Paakanyevera vanhu nezvechinangwa chaJehovha chokuparadza Jerusarema, “vapristi navaprofita navanhu vose vakamubata, vachiti: Zvirokwazvo, uchafa iwe.” Ipapo chii chakazoitika? Nhoroondo yacho inoenderera mberi ichiti: “Ruoko rwaAhikami mwanakomana waShafani rwakabatsira Jeremia, vakasamuisa mumaoko avanhu kuti vamuuraye.” (Jeremia 26:1-24) Izvi zvinoratidzei? The Anchor Bible Dictionary rinoti: “Chiitiko ichi hachingopupuriri simba raiva naAhikami, asiwo chinoratidza kuti iye, sevamwe vomumhuri yaShafani, akanga achida Jeremia.”

Makore 20 gare gare, vaBhabhironi vaparadza Jerusarema muna 607 B.C.E. uye vatora vanhu vakawanda kuva nhapwa, Gedharia muzukuru waShafani, mwanakomana waAhikami, akagadzwa kuva gavhuna wevaJudha vakanga vasara. Iye, sevamwe vomumhuri yaShafani, aiva nehanya naJeremia here? Nhoroondo yeBhaibheri inoti: “Ipapo Jeremia akaenda kuna Gedharia mwanakomana waAhikami paMizpa, akagara naye.” Mumwedzi mishomanana, Gedharia akaurayiwa, uye vaJudha vakanga vasara vakatora Jeremia ndokuenda naye pavakaenda Ijipiti.—Jeremia 40:5-7; 41:1, 2; 43:4-7.

Gemaria naMikaya

Mwanakomana waShafani Gemaria nomuzukuru wake Mikaya vakaita basa rinokosha muzviitiko zvakarondedzerwa muchitsauko 36 chaJeremia. Maiva munenge muna 624 B.C.E., mugore rechishanu raMambo Jehoiakimi. Bharuki, munyori waJeremia, akaverenga zvinonzwika mashoko aJeremia kubva mubhuku paimba yaJehovha, “mukamuri yaGemaria mwanakomana womunyori Shafani.” Naizvozvo, ‘Mikaya mwanakomana waGemaria, mwanakomana waShafani akanzwa mashoko aJehovha ose kubva mubhuku racho.’—Jeremia 36:9-11.

Mikaya akazivisa baba vake nemamwe machinda ose nezvomupumburu, uye vose vakada kunzwa zvawaitaura. Vakaita sei? “Zvino vakati vanzwa mashoko ose, vakatarirana vachitya, vakati kuna Bharuki: Zvirokwazvo tichaudza mambo mashoko awa ose.” Zvisinei, vasati vataura namambo, vakanyevera Bharuki kuti: “Endai mundovanda, iwe naJeremia, kurege kuva nomunhu unoziva kwamuri.”—Jeremia 36:12-19.

Sezvaitarisirwa, mambo akaramba shoko raiva mumupumburu ndokuupisa chidimbu nechidimbu. Mamwe machinda, kusanganisira mwanakomana waShafani Gemaria, “[vakateterera]  mambo kuti arege kupisa rugwaro rwakapetwa, asi haana kuvateerera.” (Jeremia 36:21-25) Bhuku rinonzi Jeremiah—An Archaeological Companion rinogumisa richiti: “Gemaria aiva mutsigiri waJeremia akasimba padare raMambo Jehoiakimi.”

Erasa naJaazania

Muna 617  B.C.E., Bhabhironi yakadzora umambo hweJudha. Zviuru zvevaJudha, “machinda ose, nemhare dzose . . . nemhizha dzose, navapfuri vose,” vakatorwa senhapwa, kusanganisira muprofita Ezekieri. Matania, uyo vaBhabhironi vakashandura zita rake ndokumuti Zedhekia, akava mambo mutsva anotonga ari pasi pavo. (2 Madzimambo 24:12-17) Gare gare Zedhekia akatuma nhume kuBhabhironi dzaisanganisira mwanakomana waShafani Erasa. Jeremia akaronzesa Erasa tsamba yaiva nemashoko anokosha aibva kuna Jehovha achienda kuvaJudha vakanga vari nhapwa.—Jeremia 29:1-3.

Saka nhoroondo yeBhaibheri inoratidza kuti Shafani, vatatu vevanakomana vake, uye vaviri vevazukuru vake vakashandisa zvinzvimbo zvavo zvesimba kutsigira kunamata kwechokwadi uye kutsigira muprofita akatendeka Jeremia. Zvakadini nomwanakomana waShafani, Jaazania? Kusiyana nevamwe vomumhuri yaShafani, iye sezviri pachena akatanga kunamata zvidhori. Mugore rechitanhatu Ezekieri ari nhapwa muBhabhironi, kana kuti munenge muna 612 B.C.E., muprofita wacho mune zvaakaratidzwa akaona varume 70 vachipisira zvinonhuhwira kuzvidhori patemberi yomuJerusarema. Pakati pavo paiva naJaazania, akataurwa oga nezita. Izvi zvingaratidza kuti aiva nhengo ine mukurumbira yeboka iri. (Ezekieri 8:1, 9-12) Muenzaniso waJaazania unoratidza kuti kukurira mumhuri inoda Mwari hakuvimbisi kuti mumwe achava munamati akatendeka waJehovha. Munhu mumwe nomumwe ane mutoro wezviito zvake.—2 VaKorinde 5:10.

Dzinza raShafani Nemhuri Yake

Panguva apo Shafani nemhuri yake vakabatanidzwa muzviitiko zvakaitika muJerusarema, kushandiswa kwezvidhindo kwakanga kwajairwa muJudha. Zvidhindo zvaishandiswa kupupurira kana kusaina magwaro uye zvakanga zvakagadzirwa nematombo anokosha, simbi, nyanga dzenzou, kana negirazi. Kazhinji zita romuridzi wechidhindo, zita rababa vake uye, nguva nenguva, zita rechinzvimbo chomuridzi raitemererwa pazviri.

Mazana ezvidhindo zvechiHebheru zvaiva  padhaka zvakawanikwa. Purofesa Nahman Avigad, nyanzvi yezvidzidzo zvemanyoro ekare echiHebheru, akacherechedza kuti: “Runyoro rwechidhindo ndirwo bedzi runyoro rwechiHebheru runotaura vanhu vanozivikanwa muBhaibheri.” Pane runyoro rwechidhindo rwaShafani kana kuti rwomumwe womumhuri make rwakawanikwa here? Hungu, mazita aShafani nomwanakomana wake Gemaria ari pachidhindo chinoratidzwa papeji 19 ne21.

Nyanzvi dzinotiwo zvichida dzimwe nhengo ina dzemhuri yacho dzinotaurwawo pazvidhindo—Azaria, baba vaShafani; Ahikami mwanakomana waShafani; Gemaria mwanakomana waShafani; uye Gedharia, anogona kuva aitaurwa pane chimwe chidhindo kunzi “mutariri weImba.” Chechina chezvidhindo izvi chinofungidzirwa kuva chaGedharia, muzukuru waShafani, kunyange zvazvo baba vake, Ahikami, vasingataurwi. Zita rechinzvimbo chake riri pachidhindo chacho rinoratidza kuti aiva mumwe wevakuru vakuru vepamusoro vehurumende.

Tingadzidzei?

Muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo wakaratidzwa naShafani nemhuri yake mukushandisa chinzvimbo chavo chine simba kutsigira kunamata kwechokwadi uye kutsigira Jeremia akatendeka! Isuwo tinogona kushandisa pfuma uye simba redu kutsigira sangano raJehovha uye vamwe vatinonamata navo.

Kuverenga Bhaibheri nguva dzose uyewo kuchera mariri ndokuziva zvapupu zvaJehovha zvekare zvakadai saShafani nevomumhuri yake kunoita kuti tikure mumudzimu uye kuti tisimbe mukutenda. Ivowo ndevamwe ‘vegore guru reZvapupu’ zvine muenzaniso watinogona kutevedzera.—VaHebheru 12:1.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 22]

Hurdha—Muprofitakadzi Ane Simba

Paakanzwa kuverengwa kwe“bhuku yomurayiro” yakawanikwa mutemberi, Mambo Josiya akarayira Shafani nevamwe vakuru vakuru vana kuti ‘vanobvunza Jehovha’ nezvebhuku yacho. (2 Madzimambo 22:8-20) Nhume dzacho dzaigona kuwana mhinduro kupi? Jeremia uye zvimwe Nahumi naZefania, vaprofita vose nevanyori veBhaibheri, vaigara muJudha panguva yacho. Zvisinei, nhume dzacho dzakaenda kuna Hurdha muprofitakadzi.

Bhuku rinonzi Jerusalem—An Archaeological Biography rinoti: “Chinhu chinoshamisa nezvechiitiko ichi ndechokuti kuva munhurume kana munhukadzi munyaya iyi kwakanga kusingakoshi zvachose. Hapana munhu aiona sezvisina kukodzera munzira ipi neipi kuti dare revarume voga voga rakaenda noMupumburu woMutemo kune mumwe mukadzi kuti aone zvauri. Paakauzivisa kuti ishoko raIshe, hapana munhu akapokana simba rake rokugadzirisa nhau yacho. Chiitiko ichi chinowanzofuratirwa nenyanzvi dzinoongorora basa revakadzi muIsraeri yekare.” Chokwadi, shoko rakagamuchirwa raibva kuna Jehovha.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Dzinza raShafani

Meshurami

↓

Azaria

↓

Shafani

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

Ahikami Erasa Gemaria Jaazania

↓ ↓

Gedaria Mikaya

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

Gemaria nevamwe vakateterera Jehoiakimi kuti asapisa mupumburu wakabva kuna Jeremia

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]

Kunyange aiva nhengo yemhuri yaShafani, Jaazania akaonekwa mune zvakaratidzwa achinamata zvidhori

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 19]

Courtesy Israel Antiquities Authority

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]

Courtesy Israel Antiquities Authority