BA HEBRAYO ibakali mu Nyika Yakasyomezyedwe, mwaka wabo wakali kutalika kwiinda mukulima alimwi akusyanga, milimo iyakali kucitwa mu September naa October.

Bantu bakali kubala mazuba aali mumwezi kwiinda mukulanga bulamfwu mwezi mbowakali kukkala, calo icitola mazuba aali 29 naa 30. Bakali kuzyiba bulamfwu bwamwaka kwiinda mukulanga zuba. Nokuba boobo, mwaka kuubalila kubelesya ziindi mwezi noukkala, wakali mufwaafwi kwiinda kubelesya zuba. Aboobo bakali kuyanda kujana nzila yakubalila iyeendelana kwiinda mukubelesya nzila zyobilo eezyi. Munzila eezyi, ziindi zyamwaka zyakali kweendelana aciindi cakusyanga alimwi akutebula.

Nokuba boobo, mumazuba aa Musa, Leza wakaambila bantu bakwe kuti mwaka uusetekene wakeelede kutalika mumwaka wa Abibi, naa Nisani, mu March naa April. (Kul. 12:2; 13:4) Pobwe ilyakali kucitwa ciindi eeci lyakali kubikkilizya akutebula bbaale.—Kul. 23:15, 16.

Syaazibwene umwi wakaamba kuti, “cakali cuuba-uba kulemba mwezi aumbi uukkwene akkalenda.” Wakayungizya kwaamba kuti: “Pobwe lyakwiindilila lyakali kusekelelwa ciindi mwezi noukkwene mumwezi wa Nisani naa Nisani 14, alimwi lyoonse lyakeelede kucitwa amana mainza ciindi masiku alimwi masyikati nozyeelene. Aboobo kuti kwajanwa kuti kumamanino aamwaka Pobwe Lyakwiindilila lyacitwa kaatanamana mainza mumwezi wa Nisani, ba Juda bakali kuyungizya mwezi omwe kaitanasika Nisani.

Bakamboni ba Jehova balaibelesya nzila eeyi kuzyiba buzuba bwini nokuyooba Mulalilo wa Mwami, walo uucitwa naamana buyo mainza alimwi iceendelana a Nisani 14 mukkalenda yaci Hebrayo. Mbungano munyika yoonse zilazibisyigwa deeti yabuzuba oobu kakucili ciindi.

Pele ino ba Hebrayo bakali kuzyiba buti ciindi mwezi nowakali kuyoomana akutalika mwezi mupya? Mazuba aano mulakonzya kubona akkalenda iisimbidwe naa yamufooni naa mutabbuleti. Nokuba boobo tabusyi mbocakabede oobo kaindi pe.

Ciindi ca Zambangulwe, myezi yakali kulampa mazuba aali 30. (Matl. 7:11, 24; 8:3, 4) Mpoonya kumbele, kuba Hebrayo mwezi tiiwakajisi mazuba aali 30 pe. Mukkalenda ya Chihebrayo, mwezi wakali kutalika mbowakkalila buyo mwezi. Eeci cakali kutola mazuba aali 29 naa 30 kutegwa mwezi uutobela uutalike.

Aciindi cimwi, Davida alimwi a Jonatani bakaamba kujatikizya mwezi mupya kuti: “Juunza ulakkala mwezi.” (1Sam. 20:5, 18) Aboobo kulibonya kuti kuzikusika mu mumwaanda wamyaka wa 11 B.C.E., myezi yakali kubalilwa limwi. Pele mbuti bana Israyeli mbobakali kukonzya kuzyiba ciindi mwezi mupya nowakali kuyootalika? Bbuku lya Mishnah, lyalo lijisi milawo alimwi atunsiya-nsiya twaba Juda lilaamba makani amwi. Litondezya kuti ba Juda nobakapiluka kuzwa ku Babuloni mubuzike Nkuta Mpati Yaba Juda yakalijatikizyidwe. Mumyezi iili ciloba mwalo mapobwe aaya naakali kucitika, bamunkuta bakali kuswaangana mubuzuba bwa 30 mumwezi. Aaba mbabaalumi bakajisi mukuli wakuzyiba ciindi mwezi mupya nowakali kutalika. Ino bakali kuzyiba buti?

Baalumi ibakali kukkalila aatala abwaanda kuzinguluka munzi wa Jerusalemu bakali kulangilila masiku nowakali kuyookkala mwezi. Kumane cakufwambaana bakali kubazyibya bamu Nkuta Mpati Yaba Juda. Bamunkuta oomu nobakajisi bumboni bukkwene bwakuti mwezi wakakkala, bakali kwaambilizya kuti ooyu mwezi mupya. Nokuba boobo, ino kuti akaambo kamakumbi balindizi aaba baalilwa kubona kuti mwezi wakakkala? Mwezi ooyo wakali kwaambwa kuti ujisi mazuba aali 30, akuti mwezi mupya wakali kutalika buzuba butobela.

Bbuku lya Mishnah lyaamba kuti bamu Nkuta Mpati Yaba Juda bakali kwaambilizya kusala ooku, kwiinda mukuyasya mulilo atala aa Cilundu ca Maolifa, afwaafwi a Jerusalemu. Mumasena amwi malamfwu mu Israyeli kwakali kuyasyigwa  mulilo kutegwa mulumbe usakane. Aziindi zimwi kwakali batumwa bakali kutumwa. Aboobo ba Juda ibakali kukkala mu Jerusalemu, mu Israyeli moonse alimwi amasena aaindene-indene bakali kuzyiba kujatikizya mwezi mupya. Eeci cakali kupa kuti boonse kabasekelela mapobwe aabo aciindi comwe.

Ccaati iili ansi aawa ilakonzya kumugwasya kumvwisya myezi yaba Hebrayo, mapobwe, alimwi aziindi mbozyakaswaangene.