A3
Ifika Njani Kuthi IBhayibhile?
IBhayibhile ikhuselwa nguMbhali wayo. Nguye owathi makubhalwe la mazwi:
“Ilizwi likaThixo wethu lihlala lihleli, ngonaphakade.”—Isaya 40:8.
Ayinyani loo mazwi, nangona ingasekho namhlanje eyona Mibhalo yokuqala yesiHebhere, yesiAramiki * neyeZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike. Sazi njani ke ukuba izinto ezikwiBhayibhile yanamhlanje zeziya zazibhalwe kwimibhalo yokuqala ephefumlelweyo?
ABAKHUPHELI BAKHUSELA ILIZWI LIKATHIXO
Enye into esinceda siphendule lo mbuzo, yinto uThixo awathi mayenziwe kudala. Wathi iZibhalo ZesiHebhere zimele zikhutshelwe. * Ngokomzekelo, uYehova wathi ookumkani bakwaSirayeli mabazikhuphelele uMthetho kaMoses. (Duteronomi 17:18) Ukongezelela, uThixo wathi mayibe ngumsebenzi wabaLevi ukukhusela uMthetho kaMoses nokuwufundisa abantu. (Duteronomi 31:26; Nehemiya 8:7) Emva kokuba amaYuda ethinjelwe eBhabhiloni, kwaye kwakho iqela labakhupheli, okanye ababhali (ababebizwa ngokuba ngamaSoferim). (Ezra 7:6, imibhalo esemazantsi) Ekuhambeni kwexesha, aba bakhupheli benza iikopi ezininzi zezi ncwadi ziyi-39 zeZibhalo ZesiHebhere.
Kwadlula iminyaka aba babhali bekhuphela ezi ncwadi ngocoselelo. Kwiminyaka yoo-500-1500 C.E. ababhali abangamaYuda ababizwa ngokuba ngamaMasorete baqhubeka nalo msebenzi. Owona mbhalo wakudala opheleleyo wamaMasorete yiLeningrad Codex, eyabhalwa ngonyaka ka-1008/1009 C.E. Kodwa ke, phaya kwiminyaka yoo-1900, kwaye kwafunyanwa imibhalo yakudala yeBhayibhile okanye iziqwenga zayo eziyi-220 phakathi kwemiSongo Yolwandle Olufileyo. Le mibhalo yayimidala ngeminyaka engaphezu kwewaka kuneLeningrad Codex. Ukuthelekiswa kwemiSongo Yolwandle Olufileyo neLeningrad Codex kungqina le nto ebalulekileyo: Nangona imiSongo Yolwandle Olufileyo ibhalwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo, umyalezo wona awahlukanga.
Kwenzeka njani ke ngeencwadi eziyi-27 zeZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike? Ezi zona iincwadi zaqala zabhalwa ngabanye abapostile bakaYesu Kristu nangabanye abafundi bakhe bokuqala. AmaKristu okuqala aye azikhuphela ezi ncwadi, njengoko babesenza ababhali abangamaYuda. (Kolose 4:16) Nangona uMlawuli waseRoma uDiocletian nabanye abantu bazama ukuziphelisa zonke iincwadi zamaKristu okuqala, kukho imibhalo yakudala neziqwenga zayo ezininzi ezisafumanekayo namhlanje.
Iincwadi zamaKristu zaguqulelwa nangezinye iilwimi. Ezinye zeelwimi zokuqala ekwaguqulelwa ngazo iBhayibhile sisiArmenian, isiCoptic, isiEthiopic, isiGeorgian, isiLatin nesiSyriac.
UKUKHETHWA KWEMIBHALO YESIHEBHERE NEYESIGRIKE EMAYISETYENZISWE
Imibhalo yakudala yeBhayibhile ayibhalwanga ngendlela efana ncam. Sazi njani ke ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto yayibhaliwe?
Le nto ifana notitshala othuma abafundi abayi-100 ukuba bakhuphele isahluko sencwadi. Nokuba eso sahluko singalahleka, inokwaziwa eyona nto ibikuso ngokuthelekisa ezi kopi zaba bafundi bayi-100. Nangona aba bafundi besenokuzenza iimpazamo, ayinakufane yenzeke into yokuba bonke benze impazamo efanayo. Ngokufanayo, xa abaphandi bethelekisa amawaka-waka eziqwenga neekopi zemibhalo yakudala yeBhayibhile, bayazibona iindawo abaphazame kuzo abakhupheli, batsho baqonde neyona ndlela zazibhalwe ngayo ekuqaleni.
“Siqinisekile ukuba ayikho incwadi yakudala eye yakhutshelwa ngendlela echane njengale”
Singaqiniseka njani ukuba ezi zinto zikwiBhayibhile yanamhlanje zeziya zazikwiBhayibhile yokuqala? Ethetha ngeZibhalo ZesiHebhere, umphandi uWilliam H. Green wathi: “Siqinisekile ukuba ayikho incwadi yakudala eye yakhutshelwa ngendlela echane njengale.” Umphandi weBhayibhile u-F. F. Bruce, wathi ngeZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike, ezibizwa ngokuba yiTestamente Entsha: “Kuzo zonke iincwadi zakudala, abukho ubungqina obuqiniseke njengobeTestamente Entsha, ekungekho nomnye umntu onokucinga nokucinga ukubuphikisa.” Wongezelela wathi: “Ukuba iTestamente Entsha ibizezinye iincwadi eziqhelekileyo, bekuza kuthiwa ubungqina bayo abunakuphikiswa.”
Isahluko 40 sencwadi kaIsaya kwimiSongo Yolwandle Olufileyo (yonyaka ka-125 ukuya ku-100 B.C.E.)
Xa sithelekiswa nemibhalo yakudala yesiHebhere eyavela kwiminyaka emalunga newaka emva kwaso, mncinci umahluko oye wafunyanwa. Ikakhulu ukwindlela yokupela amagama
Isahluko 40 sencwadi kaIsaya kwiAleppo Codex, umbhalo obalulekileyo wesiHebhere wamaMasorete, malunga nonyaka ka-930 C.E.
Imibhalo YesiHebhere: INguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha YeZibhalo ZesiHebhere yesiNgesi (1953-1960) yayiguqulelwe ngokusuka kwiBiblia Hebraica, kaRudolf Kittel. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kwimibhalo yesiHebhere eyiBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia neBiblia Hebraica Quinta, kuye kwafakwa uphando olutsha olwenziwe kwimiSongo Yolwandle Olufileyo nakweminye imibhalo yakudala. Kule mibhalo kukho izinto ezithathwe kwiLeningrad Codex, kuze kubekho imibhalo esemazantsi ebonisa enye indlela yokubeka isibhalo, ethathwe kweminye imibhalo yakudala, equka iSamaritan Pentateuch, imiSongo Yolwandle Olufileyo, iSeptuagint yesiGrike, iAramaic Targums, iVulgate yesiLatin neSyriac Peshitta. Xa bekusenziwa iNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha ehlaziyiweyo yesiNgesi kuye kwasetyenziswa nophando olukwiBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia neBiblia Hebraica Quinta.
Imibhalo YesiGrike: Phaa ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800, umphandi u-B. F. Westcott no-F.J.A. Hort bathelekisa imibhalo yakudala yeBhayibhile neziqwenga ezazifumaneka, ukuze benze imibhalo yesiGrike esondele kangangoko kwimibhalo yokuqala. Ngeminyaka yoo-1900, iKomiti YeNguqulelo YeBhayibhile Yehlabathi Elitsha yasebenzisa loo mibhalo xa iguqulela. Kwasetyenziswa nemibhalo ekwamanye amaphepha akudala, ekucingwa ukuba yeyeminyaka yoo-100 neyoo-200 C.E. Ukususela ngoko kuye kwafunyanwa neminye imibhalo ekumaphepha akudala. Ukongezelela apho, kukho nemibhalo yesiGrike kaNestle noAland neyeUnited Bible Societies enophando lwakutshanje. Ezinye izinto abaye bazifumanisa ziye zasetyenziswa kule nguqulelo ihlaziyiweyo.
Loo mibhalo yenza kucace ukuba ezinye iivesi zeZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike ezikwiinguqulelo zakudala, ezinjengeKing James Version, zafakelelwa ngabanye abakhupheli, yaye zazingekho kwiZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo. Kodwa ke, ngenxa yokuba iBhayibhile yayisele inezahluko neevesi ngeminyaka yoo-1500, iiBhayibhile ezininzi ezizikhuphileyo ezi vesi zishiyeke zinezikhewu kwezo ndawo. Ezi vesi nguMateyu 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Marko 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; 15:28; Luka 17:36; 23:17; Yohane 5:4; IZenzo 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; namaRoma 16:24. Kule nguqulelo ihlaziyiweyo, ezo vesi zinezikhewu zinombhalo osemazantsi.
Kuye kwacaca ukuba umqukumbelo omde kaMarko 16 (ivesi 9-20), umqukumbelo omfutshane kaMarko 16, namazwi aku-Yohane 7:53–8:11 ayengekho kwimibhalo yokuqala yeBhayibhile. Ngoko ke, ezo vesi zobuxoki zikhutshiwe kule nguqulelo. *
Siye sayilungisa indlela esizibeka ngayo ezinye izinto, ukuze ihambisane nendlela abaphandi abaninzi abayamkela njengeyona isondeleyo kwimibhalo yokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, kweminye imibhalo yakudala, uMateyu 7:13 uthi: “Ngenani ngegeyithi encinci, kuba inkulu igeyithi, iphangalele nendlela eya entshabalalweni.” KwiiBhayibhile zangaphambili zeNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha, indawo ethi “igeyithi” yayingekho. Kodwa, emva kokuba kuphandiwe kwimibhalo yakudala, kuye kwafunyanwa ubungqina bokuba le ndawo ithi “igeyithi” yayikhona kwimibhalo yokuqala. Ngoko ke nakule inguqulelo ifakiwe. Zininzi ke nezinye izinto ezilungisiweyo. Kodwa ke, izinto ezitshintshiweyo zincinci, ibe aziyitshintshi eyona nto ifundiswa liLizwi likaThixo.
Umbhalo weyesi-2 kwabaseKorinte 4:13–5:4 okumaphepha akudala, malunga no-200 C.E.
^ isiqe. 5 Ngoku siza kuyibiza ngokuba ziZibhalo ZesiHebhere.
^ isiqe. 7 Esinye isizathu sokuba zikhutshelwe ezi Zibhalo, kukuba zazibhalwe kwizinto ezonakalayo.
^ isiqe. 18 Ukuze ubone ukuba kutheni kusithiwa ezi vesi zibubuxoki, funda imibhalo esemazantsi yeNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha YeZibhalo Ezingcwele—Eneembekiselo, ka-1984.
